An experimental device for studying the propagation characteristics of stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure related to an experimental device for studying the propagation characteristics of stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature. It comprises a launch system, a loading system, a measuring system and a heating device. The heating device can be heated in sections to meet complicated test requirements. The measuring system includes two sets of measuring systems, one measuring device uses a strain gauge to measure the local displacement of rock, thus obtaining the change of wave velocity, this method can be used when sample temperature is low. The other device adopts digital image processing technology. The invention is easy to operate and can control the initial wave form and initial wave velocity, which can better meet the test requirements. The position of sample can be fine-tuned to avoid impact of errors left by rock processing on test results. The heating device can be heated in sections to meet complicated test requirements. Two sets of measuring system are adopted to ensure the test accuracy.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure related to an experimental device for studying the propagation characteristics of stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature.

BACKGROUND ART

In nature, rock mass usually has defects such as joints, faults and weak interlayers, In practical engineering, jointed rock mass often has the characteristics of heterogeneity, anisotropy and nonlinearity. With the continuous development of economic construction, the scale of underground geotechnical engineering is becoming larger and larger, and the rock mechanics problems involved are becoming more and more complicated, which puts forward higher requirements for rock mechanics research. In the construction and use of underground geotechnical engineering, it is inevitable to encounter blasting, mining, earthquake, landslide, rock burst and other underground engineering problems. These underground engineering problems are closely related to the propagation characteristics of stress waves in jointed rock mass, so it is of great engineering significance to study the propagation characteristics of stress waves in jointed rock mass for prevention and control of underground rock engineering problems. At present, theoretical research shows that when the stress wave propagates in underground jointed rock mass, the structural plane such as jointed rock mass will seriously affect propagation law of the wave that resulting in the attenuation of amplitude, the delay of high-frequency filtering signal and the slowing down of wave propagation speed. It hinders the propagation of stress wave and intensifies the attenuation of stress wave energy. However, the existing research on stress wave propagation characteristics in rock mass is mainly focused on numerical research and normal temperature rock mass, while the research on stress wave propagation characteristics in rock mass and stress wave propagation under high temperature conditions is less.

SUMMARY

In order to test the propagation characteristics of elastic longitudinal wave in rock mass at high temperature, the present disclosure provides an experimental device for studying the propagation characteristics of elastic longitudinal wave in rock mass at high temperature, the purpose of which is to accurately measure the propagation characteristics of elastic longitudinal wave at joints position at different temperatures.

The technical scheme adopted by the present disclosure is: an experimental device for studying the propagation characteristics of elastic longitudinal wave at joints position comprising: a launch system, a loading system, a measuring system and a heating device.

Wherein, the launch system comprising: base, bullet, transmitting chamber, Infrared speedometer and drive coil. An energy storage power supply, a switch and a dynamic system connected to the drive coil. Wherein tube of the transmitting chamber is made of a high-strength insulating material, and the bullet is composed of an armature and a metal projectile body. The dynamic system uses magnetic wave generated by alternating current to drive the bullet, initial velocity of the bullet can be changed by changing the discharge voltage, so as to obtain the propagation characteristics of elastic longitudinal wave with different initial velocity in jointed rock mass. At the same time, the propagation characteristics of elastic waves with different initial waveforms in jointed rock mass can be obtained by adjusting the shape of bullets. Loading system of the present disclosure is mainly used to ensure that the center line of two rock samples and the bullet is on a horizontal line, and the position of rock samples can be adjusted by fine-tuning the pulley position of the loading system, so as to ensure that the rock samples are located on the same horizontal surface.

Heating device of the present disclosure adopts a segmented heating method, and each stone rod adopts a three-stage heating process. Multi-stage heating method can effectively heat the heating area and at the same time heat stone rod in stages, which can meet the complicated test requirements.

Measuring system of the present disclosure mainly comprises two measuring devices. One measuring device uses a strain gauge to measure the local displacement of rock, thus obtaining the change of wave velocity, this method can be used when sample temperature is low. The other device adopts digital image processing technology (DIC technology). When temperature is higher than 300 Celsius degree, the strain gauge method cannot well meet the test requirements, while DIC technology can better solve this problem. At low temperatures, two measurements can be compared to ensure accuracy of the test.

The beneficial effect of the invention is: the launch system is easy to operate and can control the initial wave form and initial wave velocity, which can better meet the test requirements; the position of sample can be fine-tuned to avoid impact of errors left by rock processing on test results; the heating device can be heated in sections to meet complicated test requirements; two sets of measuring system are adopted to ensure the test accuracy.

THE APPENDED DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an elevation of a test device used to study the propagation characteristics of elastic longitudinal waves at joints position.

FIG. 2 is a detail drawing of supporter.

FIG. 3 is a detail drawing of pulley.

FIG. 4 is a detail drawing of heating device.

Wherein: 1. base; 2. rock sample; 3. launch system; 4. supporter; 5. bullet; 6 transmitting chamber; 7. drive coil; 8. support rob; 9. fixing bolt; 10. pulley; 11. screw; 12. outer pulley; 13. bearing; 14. inner pulley; 15. high-speed camera; 16. strain gauge; 17. metal shell; 18. heating wire; 19. connecting device; 20. asbestos insulation layer; 21. asbestos sealing plate.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

As shown in FIG. 1, an experimental device for studying the propagation characteristics of stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature disclosed in the invention is used to measure the propagation characteristics of elastic longitudinal waves with different initial wave velocities and waveforms at joints position under high temperature conditions.

It comprises a launch system 3, a loading system, a measuring system and a heating device. Launch system is used to fire the bullet, providing an initial waveform for rock sample 2. The loading system is mainly used to place rock sample 2, the measuring system is used to measure the strain in the middle of rock sample 2, and the heating device is used to heat rock sample 2. Rock sample 2 is a long bar. Launch system 3 includes base 1, bullet 5, transmitting chamber 6, infrared speedometer, drive coil 7. Transmitting chamber 6 is connected to base 1, and drive coil 7 twining outside the transmitting chamber 6, bullet 5 is located inside the transmitting chamber 6, the bullet 5 contacts with the inner surface of transmitting chamber 6 and coated with lubricant. Infrared speedometer is located on the right side of transmitting chamber 6 for measuring firing velocity of bullet 5.

Loading system includes supporter 4 and an infrared gradienter. Supporter 4 includes support rob 8, fixing bolt 9, pulley 10 and screw 11. Screw 11 is connected to support rob 8 through fixing bolt 9. Meanwhile, pulley 10 is set on screw 11 and two fixing bolts 9 is placed on each side of pulley 10 to fix pulley position. Pulley 10 includes outer pulley 12, bearing 13 and inner pulley 14. The outer pulley 12 and inner pulley 14 are connected by bearing 13, and they are connected with bearing 13 by welding. Fixing bolt 9 contacts with the inner pulley 14, the inner pulley 14 and the outer pulley 12 are connected by bearing 13 to reduce the influence of friction on test results. Rock sample 2 is placed on pulley 10. During the test, the position of pulley 10 is moved by adjusting the position of fixing bolt 9, so as to adjust the position of rock sample 2. Use infrared gradienter to ensure that the rock sample 2 is in a horizontal position.

The measuring system includes two sets of measuring systems, which are strain gauge measuring system and digital image processing measuring system. Strain gauge 16 of strain gauge measuring system is attached to the outer surface of rock sample 2, digital image processing measuring system has a high-speed camera 15, lens of the high-speed camera 15 is facing rock sample 2. The data obtained by two measuring system are compared to ensure accuracy of the test.

FIG. 4 is a detailed drawing of the heating device, it mainly includes metal shell 17, heating wire 18, connecting device 19, asbestos insulation layer 20, asbestos sealing plate 21. Metal shell 17 is made of stainless steel, the asbestos insulation layer 20 is located inside metal shell 17 and is tightly connected to the metal shell 17, heating wire 18 is evenly distributed on upper part of the heating device, and connecting device 19 is welded to the metal shell 17. The heating device is divided into two layers, which is convenient for installation during the test. The groove on bottom of the heating device contacts with support rod 8. Two heating devices is connected through connecting device 19 with fully contact. The central part of the heating device has an observation window made of heat-resistant transparent material, through which the high-speed camera 15 photography is observed, the heating device at both ends of rock sample 2 is sealed with asbestos sealing plate 21. A temperature sensor and an external control device is set inner the heating device.

The material of base 1 is steel, so as to avoid impact of shock on the test results. The shape of metal projectile body can be cylinder, cone, etc. Different shapes of projectile body can be provided to obtain different initial waveforms. Transmitting chamber 6 is made of alumina ceramic material with high hardness insulation material. During the test, turn on the switch to input a large pulse current to the drive coil, the current flows through the drive coil generates a strong pulse magnetic field to generate induction current in the armature. Since current in the drive coil and induced current in armature are in opposite directions, they repel each other, which giving the bullet an initial acceleration that make it accelerate to the right, through changing the discharge voltage, initial velocity of the bullet is changed, elastic longitudinal waves with different wave velocities is obtained. Drive coil 7 is connected to the energy storage power supply through a switch.

The invention adopts segmented heating, in which three heating devices are used to heat a rock rod in stages in the embodiment.

During the test, rock sample 2 with better machining accuracy is selected to be placed on pulley 10, adjust the position of pulley 10 to ensure rock sample 2 fully contact and coincident with another rock sample 2 and bullet 5. Install the heating device, set the heating device and heating time according to the test requirements, set up the high-speed camera 15 and stick the strain gauge 16. Push the bullet 5 back to the top of transmitting chamber 6 and set discharge voltage according to the test requirements, when the test temperature reaches required level, turn on the switch of launch system 3, fire bullet 5 and save the test data. When test temperature is lower than 300° C., strain gauge method and digital image processing measuring system are adopted to measure the rock strain to ensure accuracy of the test results. When test temperature is higher than 300° C., strain gauge 16 can not better meet the test requirements, and digital image processing measuring system can better solve this problem. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for studying propagation characteristics of a stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature, which can be used to measure the propagation characteristics of elastic longitudinal waves with different initial wave velocities and waveforms at joints position under high temperature conditions, the device comprising a launch system (3), a loading system, a measuring system and a heating device, wherein: the launch system is used to fire a bullet, providing an initial waveform for a rock sample (2); the loading system is mainly used to place the rock sample (2), the measuring system is used to measure a strain in the middle of the rock sample (2), and the heating device is used to heat the rock sample (2); the rock sample (2) is of a long bar shape; the launch system (3) comprises a base (1), the bullet (5), a transmitting chamber (6), an infrared speedometer, a drive coil (7); the transmitting chamber (6) is connected to the base (1), and the drive coil (7) twining outside the transmitting chamber (6), the bullet (5) is located inside the transmitting chamber (6), the bullet (5) contacts with an inner surface of the transmitting chamber (6) and is coated with lubricant; the infrared speedometer is located on a right side of the transmitting chamber (6) for measuring firing velocity of the bullet (5); the loading system comprises a supporter (4) and an infrared gradienter, the supporter (4) comprises a support rob (8), a fixing bolt (9), a pulley (10) and a screw (11); the screw (11) is connected to the support rob (8) through the fixing bolt (9); the pulley (10) is set on the screw (11) and the fixing bolt (9) is placed on each side of the pulley (10), respectively, to fix pulley position; the pulley (10) comprises an outer pulley (12), a bearing (13) and an inner pulley (14); the outer pulley (12) and the inner pulley (14) are connected by the bearing (13), and the outer pulley (12) and the inner pulley (14) are connected with the bearing (13) by welding; the fixing bolt (9) contacts with the inner pulley (14), the inner pulley (14) and the outer pulley (12) are connected by bearing (13) to reduce the influence of friction on test results; the rock sample (2) is placed on the pulley (10); during a test, a position of the pulley (10) is moved by adjusting a position of the fixing bolt (9), so as to adjust a position of the rock sample (2); use the infrared gradienter to ensure that the rock sample 2 is in a horizontal position; the measuring system comprises two sets of measuring systems, which are a strain gauge measuring system and a digital image processing measuring system; a strain gauge (16) of the strain gauge measuring system is attached to an outer surface of the rock sample (2), the digital image processing measuring system has a high-speed camera (15), lens of the high-speed camera (15) is facing the rock sample (2); data obtained by the two sets of measuring systems are compared to ensure accuracy of the test; the heating device comprises a metal shell (17), a heating wire (18), a connecting device (19), an asbestos insulation layer (20), an asbestos sealing plate (21); the metal shell (17) is made of stainless steel, the asbestos insulation layer (20) is located inside the metal shell (17) and is tightly connected to the metal shell (17), the heating wire (18) is evenly distributed on an upper part of the heating device, and the connecting device (19) is welded to the metal shell (17); the heating device is divided into two layers, which is convenient for installation during the test; a groove on bottom of the heating device contacts with the support rod (8); two of the heating devices are connected through the connecting device (19) with fully contact.
 2. The device for studying propagation characteristics of a stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature according to claim 1, wherein a central part of the heating device has an observation window made of heat-resistant transparent material, through which the high-speed camera (15) photography is observed, the heating device at both ends of rock sample (2) is sealed with the asbestos sealing plate (21); a temperature sensor and an external control device is set in an inner part of the heating device.
 3. The device for studying propagation characteristics of a stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature according to claim 1, wherein a material of the base (1) is steel, so as to avoid impact of shock on the test results; a shape of metal projectile body is cylinder, or cone which can provide different initial waveforms.
 4. The device for studying propagation characteristics of a stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting chamber (6) is made of alumina ceramic material with high hardness insulation material.
 5. The device for studying propagation characteristics of a stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature according to claim 1, wherein, during the test, turn on a switch to input a pulse current to the drive coil, the pulse current flows through the drive coil and generates a strong pulse magnetic field to generate induction current in an armature; since the pulse current in the drive coil and the induction current in the armature are in opposite directions, they repel each other, which gives the bullet an initial acceleration that make the bullet accelerate to the right, through changing a discharge voltage, an initial velocity of the bullet is changed, elastic longitudinal waves with different wave velocities are obtained; the drive coil (7) is connected to an energy storage power supply through a switch.
 6. The device for studying propagation characteristics of a stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature according to claim 1, wherein, during the test, the rock sample (2) with better machining accuracy is selected to be placed on the pulley (10), adjust the position of pulley (10) to ensure that the rock sample (2) fully contacts and is coincident with the bullet (5); install the heating device, set the heating device and heating time according to test requirements, set up the high-speed camera (15) and stick the strain gauge (16); push the bullet (5) back to the top of the transmitting chamber (6) and set a discharge voltage according to the test requirements, when the test temperature reaches required level, turn on a switch of launch system (3), fire the bullet (5) and save the test data.
 7. The device for studying propagation characteristics of a stress wave in jointed rock mass at high temperature according to claim 1, wherein, when test temperature is lower than 300° C., strain gauge method and digital image processing measuring system are adopted for measurement; when test temperature is higher than 300° C., the digital image processing measuring system is used for measurement. 